The combination of IL-12 and anti-PD-L1 enhanced the effect of mIL12-mRNA in inducing anti-tumor immunity, even in the patients who is resistant to PD-L1 inhibitor [40].The human IL-12 mRNA (MEDI1191) induced dose-dependent IL-12 production, IFN-γ expression, and TH1 TME transformation in ex-vivo patient tumor model. This evidence concerns the gene IFNG and neoplasm.