PWS (15), FXS esp. PWP (127)ASC, KS and other SCAs, esp. with many X-chromosomes (56–58, 129)Diagnosed XYY (53, 58), TS (86)Down syndrome (130–132)PCOS in women and in the subjects’ mothers (133, 134)High androgen markers in women (135)Estrogen deficiency in the middle frontal gyrus (136)ESR1 SNPs in ASC (137)Low estriol and high maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein in pregnant mothers (138)Prenatal progestin and suppression of ERβ (139)High amniotic estrogen (11, 140)Prenatal dioxins and herbicides (141). The gene discussed is ESR1; the disease is Down syndrome.