TF and cancer: Multiple studies have verified the participation of specific coagulation genes in controlling signaling pathways: TF can enhance VEGF levels and drive cancer advancement through PAR2 activation, while changes in PIK3R1 expression can lead to oncogenic transformations in different cancers via PI3K-Akt pathway activation (Hisada and Mackman, 2021; Chakraborty et al., 2022).