LRRK2 and Parkinson disease: To further assess effects of prodromal intestinal inflammation, LRRK2 G2019S, and biological sex on PD-related neuropathology, 10–13 week old male and female hLRRK2G2019S Tg mice and WT littermates were subjected to DSS treatment and assessed 30 weeks later (at 50 weeks of age) for phosphorylated α-synuclein and dopaminergic neuron loss in the substantia nigra (SN), two hallmark pathologies of PD25.