In contrast to rats induced with ARF, animals treated with conventional and NPs sildenafil, furosemide, or a combination of the two exhibited a substantial reduction (p < 0.0001) in urine albumin (F(6,35) = 4.46), glucose level (F(6,35) = 2.016), and ketone bodies (F(6,35) = 5.112). Here, ALB is linked to acute kidney injury.