Specifically, as compared to WT animals, A10-PPARα mice have more macrophages within the tumor and these intratumor (IT) macrophages expressed increased levels of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-12/IL-23p40, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) (Figure 4D, E). Here, PPARA is linked to neoplasm.