In a study exploring the efficiency of sophocarpine in treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the authors used a systems pharmacology and bioinformatics approach, in combination with C57/BL6 mice and different cell lines, including human NSCLC cell lines (NCI-H1975 and A549) and mouse Lewis lung carcinoma cell lines, and found that the combination of sophocarpine and an anti-PD-L1 antibody significantly inhibited tumor growth via a mechanism involving the ADORA1-ATF3-PD-L1 axis (Chen et al., 2022b). This evidence concerns the gene ATF3 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.