PVALB and schizophrenia: Changes in fast-spiking GABAergic interneurons containing the parvalbumin (PV) are well established in SZ (77), reductions in the number and density of PV interneurons in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus have been found in the postmortem brain of individuals with SZ (78, 79), and abnormal PV interneuron function in the PFC has been associated with cognitive impairments and negative symptoms (80).For the thalamus, two meta-analyses indicated a small-to-moderate effect size for thalamic size reduction in schizophrenia (81).