In addition to causing plasticity between group 1 ILCs, TGFβ may also cause group 1 ILCs to acquire angiogenic abilities, as has been observed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) where the CD56+CD16– NK cell subset was associated with increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression [109]. Here, NCAM1 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.