The clinical benefits of checkpoint blockade were highlighted by the exhausted CD8+ T cell, mesenchymal-derived interferon, CXCL9+ macrophage, CD160+ intraepithelial lymphocyte, Treg, DC1, ISG15+ macrophage, XCL1+/CD16+ NK cell, IFIT1+ interferon signaling, Tfh, GCB, LAMP3+ DC, pDC, CD16+ monocyte-derived macrophage, CCL19+ fibroblast, and plasma cell precursor states in the pan-cancer meta-analysis (Fig. 5E). Here, ISG15 is linked to cancer.