In particular, tumor-infiltrated macrophages universally expressed immune checkpoint (IL4I1)18, M2 polarization-related (SPP1)5,19, and inflammatory genes (CCL7, ADAMDEC1, and SLAMF9), whereas dendritic cells in tumors were found to exhibit elevated expression of CCL19 and LAMP3, which are associated with inflammatory and migratory functions (Fig. 2A, B). This evidence concerns the gene SPP1 and neoplasm.