IRE1α cleavage of miR17 leads to thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) accumulation, the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, and caspase-1-dependent interleukin (IL)-1β production, which can trigger pyroptosis that contributes to diabetes progression in humans and mice [12, 13]. Here, ERN1 is linked to diabetes mellitus.