Notable interventions include: exercise protocols to promote the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α), dietary supplements to target primary nutrient deficiency, nicotinamide riboside (NR) to augment nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) biosynthesis26,27, MitoQ for neutralizing mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS)28,29, the global antioxidant Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10)30, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC)31, and the mitochondrial inhibitor ME-344 (known for its anti-tumor properties).32. Here, PPARGC1A is linked to neoplasm.