We therefore asked whether expression of selected SLE associated genes C1QB, C1QA, C1R, C1S, C3, DNASE1L3, ACP2, AGER, CTBB, DNASE1, FAS and TMEM17336–40 generally spatially overlapped across the tissue irrespective of zonation (Fig. 3i and Supplementary Fig. 3h, i). Here, C1S is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.