TNF and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Research suggested that escalated levels of inflammatory cytokines in the serum, such as IL-12p70, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), IFN-γ, and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), lead to improved responsiveness to anti-PD-1 inhibition and prolonged survival in NSCLC [19, 20].