HP and inflammatory bowel disease: Furthermore, in two-factor analyses with zonulin, older age (OR = 1.09, 95% CI 1.00 − 1.18, p = 0.047) and IBD (OR = 7.56, 95% CI 1.06 − 54.06, p = 0.044) have also proved to be predictors of poor response to biological treatment independently of zonulin (Table 3).