The characteristics of the derivation cohort were similar to those of the validation cohort in terms of age at diabetes mellitus diagnosis, age at first colonoscopy, BMI, male proportion, smoking history, alcohol consumption, duration of diabetes mellitus, the prevalence of hypertension, ischemic heart disease, stroke, cirrhosis, use of aspirin, metformin, and insulin (all P values >0.05). This evidence concerns the gene INS and diabetes mellitus.