The cytokine production capacity of children with obesity was higher for TNF, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-1Ra, IL-12p70, MCP-1, RANTES, and MIP1α, but not IL-8 (Figures 2B and 2C; Table S3; Figure S2A), indicating an overall hyperresponsive state compared to controls. Here, TNF is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.