The small increase in melanoma risk for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers is consistent with the findings of an early study of cancer risks among a cohort of women who carry BRCA2 mutations and their first-degree relatives compared with population-specific incidence rates which found a relative risk of melanoma of 2.6; (95% CI = 1.3–5.2)24. This evidence concerns the gene BRCA1 and cancer.