Herein, an integrated proteogenomic analysis for inherited bone marrow failure syndrome (IBMFS) was performed to reveal their biological features and to develop a proteomic-based diagnostic assay in the discovery cohort; dyskeratosis congenita (n = 12), Fanconi anemia (n = 11), Diamond–Blackfan anemia (DBA, n = 9), Shwachman–Diamond syndrome (SDS, n = 6), ADH5/ALDH2 deficiency (n = 4), and other IBMFS (n = 18). Here, ADH5 is linked to bone marrow failure syndrome.