AFP and hepatocellular carcinoma: When comparing patients with post-Tx AFP levels < 5.0 versus  ≥ 5.0 ng/mL, the cumulative incidence rates of HCC were 0% versus 9.5% at 1 year, 5.8% versus 22.4% at 3 years, and 9.3% versus 31.7% at 5 years, respectively (Fig. 2A,B).