PRF1 and neoplasm: Tumors formed by CT26 KO2 + Mlh1 induced partial expression of perforin, granzyme B, and TNF-α and partial activation of N-GSDMD and N-GSDME, which also inhibited tumor growth in CT26 KO2 + Mlh1, with little difference in tumor volume compared to CT26 KO (Fig. 13e–h).