In an in vivo model of cerebral ischemia, injection of HMGB1 siRNA into the ventricle at 5 d after stroke significantly suppressed endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) accumulation and peri-infarct microvessel density and exacerbated the deterioration of neurological prognosis 14 days after stroke [135]. Here, HMGB1 is linked to brain ischemia.