HMGB1 and Brain atrophy: Human peripheral blood-derived-EPC (hPB-EPC) transplantation improved neurobehavioral outcomes, reduced brain atrophy volume, and enhanced neovascularization in MCAO mice, while intraperitoneal injection of the HMGB1 inhibitor glycyrrhizin 4–14 days after tMCAO blocked the beneficial effects of hPB-EPC transplantation [136].