SOD1 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Around 10-15% of individuals with ALS have a familial history of the condition, defined as familial ALS patients (fALS), linked to pathogenic mutations in over 40 genes, including notable ones like chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9orf72), superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), trans-activation response DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TARDBP), and fused in sarcoma (FUS) [4-8].