Analysis of the scRNA-seq data for neurons revealed increased expression of genes involved in the innate immune response, cytokine signaling in the immune system, cellular senescence, and cell death (CASP1, PMAIP1, BID, and PERP) (Fig. 8A); genes related to inflammation or neurodegenerative disease, such as S100A6/A7/A8/A9 and S100P (Fig. 8B); and genes associated with type I interferon production including ISG15, ISG20, IFI27, IFI35, IFI6, and MX1 (Fig. 8C). Here, ISG15 is linked to neurodegenerative disease.