GCG and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Risk factors for developingdiabetes mellitus type 2 are lack of exercise, obesity, unhealthydiet, and oxidative stress.2,3 The peptide hormonesresponsible for the production and release of insulin are the so-calledincretins, namely, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), released fromthe ileum and colon, as well as glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide(GIP), released from the duodenum and proximal jejunum.1 Their production in the small intestine is dependenton glucose uptake.