FGF21 and diabetes mellitus: FGF21 protects the vascular endothelium and smooth muscle layers by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome [41,42], and our previous research showed that FGF21 inhibits VSMC proliferation and migration through inhibition of the SYK-NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, alleviating diabetes-induced neointimal hyperplasia[19].