The introduced catalytic hairpin assembly and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (CHA-TdT) cascade amplification enables the detection of bladder cancer-related miRNAs in clinical serum specimens with femtomolar sensitivity, a wide linear dynamic range, and consistency with qRT-PCR, showcasing potential for multiplexed miRNA detection in the clinical diagnosis and early detection of bladder cancer [96]. This evidence concerns the gene TCFL5 and urinary bladder carcinoma.