GAMs produce anti-inflammatory cytokines (such as IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β), tumor-promoting factors (including IGF-1, EGF, and PDGF), angiogenesis mediators (like VEGF and IL-8), and metabolic disruptors (e.g., ARG1 and IDO) [88,89,90]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to neoplasm.