ELF4 and colitis: Recent studies have shown that ELF4 can alleviate colitis by inhibiting Th17 cell activity and promoting M2-type macrophage polarisation [54]; Bacteroides uniformis, Bacteroides faecis, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and Roseburia intestinalis attenuate DSS-induced ulcerative colitis by modulating the Treg/Th17 cell balance [55,56].