In this review, we will briefly examine the pathophysiology of CKD, with a focus on recently proposed mechanisms for adaptive kidney regeneration involving the TGFβ/IL11/Wnt repair secretome, alongside a maladaptive response hindered by interleukin 11 (IL-11) overproduction, ultimately resulting in progressive and irreversible kidney damage [32,33,34]. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is chronic kidney disease.