ADIPOQ and Insulin resistance: Low-grade persistent inflammation and insulin resistance, perturbed lipoprotein metabolism with decreased HDL and increased levels of the atherogenic TG-enriched VLDL of very large size, as well as diminished adiponectin bioavailability [6,8,11,39,40,45], are likely causes of the weakening and disruption of the associations between adiponectin and lipoproteins in MS.