Additionally, modulation of TLR signaling by small-molecular inhibitors such as those targeting TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 has shown promise in ameliorating symptoms of autoimmune disorders, as illustrated by the discovery of potent and orally bioavailable small-molecular antagonists of TLR7/8/9, which have demonstrated efficacy from oral dosing in the preclinical models of autoimmune diseases [66]. Here, TLR9 is linked to autoimmune disease.