BRAF and cutaneous melanoma: Four major subtypes of cutaneous melanoma have been established according to the presence of specific somatic mutations occurring in different oncogenes (Figure 1): (1) the B-Raf proto-oncogene serine-threonine kinase (BRAF) mutant, (2) the NRAS proto-oncogene GTPase (NRAS) mutant, (3) the neurofibromin-1 (NF1) tumor suppressor mutant, and (4) the triple BRAF/NRAS/NF1 wildtype (WT) form that does not contain mutations in any of the three oncogenes [2,3].