It was shown that 44.5% of the PCOS cohort had GH with the differences between controls and PCOS-nonGH as expected; however, between PCOS-nonGH, PCOS-GH and PCOS-SGH the CKD marker cystatin-C was lower and DAF was lower in PCOS-SGH, with no changes in renal tubular or inflammatory markers between the PCOS groups, though in the higher eGFR PCOS-SGH group, CRP correlated positively with eGFR. Here, CST3 is linked to chronic kidney disease.