Exosomal miR-103-3p from LPS-activated macrophages targets Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), increasing the expression of α-SMA, TGF-β, and Col1a1 in hepatic stellate cells, contributing to chronic liver dysfunction or liver fibrosis post-sepsis [121]. Here, KLF4 is linked to Hepatic fibrosis.