In contrast, we found several gene sets downregulated in young infants with UTI without bacteremia related to viral infection activity, such as “Antiviral mechanism by IFN stimulated genes”, “Interferon alpha beta signaling”, “Healthy vs. flu inf infant pbmc dn”, and “Flu vs. e coli inf pbmc up” (Table 2). The gene discussed is IFNA1; the disease is bacterial urinary tract infection.