Paciello et al. demonstrated the role of caffeic acid in reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways by decreasing NF-kB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) and IL-1βb (interleukin-1-beta) expression in the cochlea of Wistar rats with hearing loss induced by noise [31]. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is hearing loss disorder.