This study identified eight proteins (from 313 assessed) which were elevated in SSc-PAH, including RAGE, IGFBP-7, collagen IV, endostatin, MMP-2, IGFBP-2, NT-proBNP, and neuropilin-1, and were validated in an independent cohort [45]. This evidence concerns the gene NPPB and pulmonary arterial hypertension.