These models include Keap1 constitutive knockout mice, which exhibit postnatal lethality before weaning by malnutrition due to NRF2-driven esophageal constriction, heterozygotes that survive, as well as Keap1 knockdown mice (Keap1F/F) [22] with constitutive hypomorphic Keap1 expression in the absence of Cre expression. Here, KEAP1 is linked to nutritional deficiency disease.