TNF and myocardial infarction: In addition, it has been observed that kaempferol pretreatment led to a decrease in myocardial infarct size, along with decreased levels of cytoplasmic cytochrome C, creatine kinase (CK), cleaved caspase-3, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and malondialdehyde (MDA) [85].