TNF and venous thromboembolism: Furthermore, CSs cause numerous adverse effects, particularly in the case of high doses and/or prolonged use (insomnia, weight gain, hypertension, hyperglycemia, cataract, glaucoma, osteoporosis, Cushing’s syndrome, venous thromboembolism, mood disorders, the increased risk of opportunistic infections, etc.)[8,9], and even increased mortality in comparison with tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors (TNF-alpha inhibitors) [10].