BECN1 and urinary bladder carcinoma: Beclin-1 (also named ATG6), which is important for the formation of the pre-autophagosomal structure and isolation membrane (autophagy initiation), is induced under hypoxia by the well-known HIF target genes, BNIP3 and FOXO3a, in gemcitabine-resistant bladder cancer and sorafenib-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma, respectively [58,59].