PTX3 and glioma: In the TME of gliomas, PTX3 has been reported to be an important part as it is secreted and expressed by tumor cells where tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) are the dominant factor [35,36], while in GB, previous research has implicated PTX3 to be closely related to the expression of PD-1, PD-L1, CD276, and HAVCR2 in the TEM, with the expression of PTX3 significantly increasing with the worsening prognosis of GB [36].