Since successful immunotherapy is dependent on the infiltration into the tumor of sufficient effector cells, including CD8+ T cells and tumor-associated macrophages, we aimed to characterize the PDAC immune microenvironment relative to K17 expression by focusing on peritumoral and intratumoral immune cells via a comprehensive, distance-based spatial analysis using brightfield multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) of PDAC tissue sections. Here, CD8A is linked to neoplasm.