OV injection activates a spectrum of immune responses, among which IFNγ signaling is significantly upregulated in both injected lesions and noninjected lesions.11 At the same time, it has been reported that IFN-γ are responsible for the upregulation of PD-L1 on tumors.34 Thus, IFNγ-treated cancer cells are chosen as an in vitro model simulating an inflamed TME post-OV treatment. This evidence concerns the gene IFNG and cancer.