In PD-L1-high (defined as a TPS ≥ 1) NSCLC, the mesenchymal phenotype (i.e., increased Twist1 or vimentin expression and decreased E-cadherin expression) was associated with a lower number of CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and a higher number of FOXP3+ TILs and CD163+ cells in patients showing PD (Fig. 6c). Here, CD163 is linked to neoplasm.