Accordingly, for NFKB-mediated crosstalk between type 2 diabetes, chronic aging, and COVID-19, our HOIP ontology can assist the interpretation that early negative regulation of NFKB by metformin may prevent cytokine and chemokine release and chronic inflammation downstream of innate immune signaling, including the cGAS-STING pathway, and consequently suppress long COVID. Here, NFKB1 is linked to COVID-19.