Studies has shown that it plays a key regulatory role in the formation of IPF: PI3K/Akt/mTOR is highly expressed in AECs II in the IPF rat model, thereby inhibiting autophagy, promoting collagen synthesis, and IPF.[93] Therefore, these signaling pathways mainly play the role of pro-inflammatory response, regulation of oxidative stress response, regulation of immune response, control of apoptosis, cell proliferation, and regulation of vascular endothelial cell function in the formation of IPF. This evidence concerns the gene AKT1 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.