Both interleukin-10 (Il10), a regulatory cytokine associated with decreased immunopathology during influenza infection (55), and interleukin-1 receptor like 1 (Il1rl1), the receptor for the alarmin IL-33 that alerts of epithelial trauma (39), were down-regulated in obese ferrets compared to control (Fig. 3E). Here, IL10 is linked to influenza.