Type of DM [17, 18], hemoglobin [19–23], glycerol control [8, 19], duration of DM [18, 21–23], hypertension [23], insulin use [21, 23], creatinine level [23], lipoprotein density [17], hyperlipidemia [17] and proteinuria [19, 20] have been significantly associated with PDR development. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is diabetes mellitus.