INS and diabetes mellitus: Hypertension (AOR = 4.35 (95% CI: 1.87–10.12)), peripheral neuropathy (AOR = 3.87 (95% CI: 1.57–9.54)), nephropathy (AOR = 2.58 (95% CI: 1.13–5.87)), ≥10 years duration of diabetes mellitus (AOR = 5.30 (95% CI: 2.32–12.14)), insulin use (AOR = 3.07 (95% CI: 1.08–8.68)), and poor adherence to diabetes mellitus medications (AOR = 3.77 (95% CI: 1.64–8.64)) were confirmed to have statistically significant association with proliferative diabetic retinopathy.